Molecular plant breeding as the foundation for 21st century crop improvement1 stephenp. The variety which receives gene is recipient parent and. Computer simulations to optimize the design of markerassisted. Backcrossing is different from typical breeding methods because there is only one parent plant along with the offspring. Markerassisted backcrossing mabc is one of the most successful applica tions of dna markers in plant breeding. Backcrossing is not effective for transferring quantitative traits. Fairchild was responsible for bringing the cherry trees from japan to d. Plant breeding trials can be completed with the aid of markerassisted selection in less time and with less labor. While selection theory is the most important tool for the design of breeding programs for improvement of quantitative characters, no general selection theory is available for markerassisted backcrossing. Backcrossing breeding free download as powerpoint presentation.
This page is about a technique used in animal and plant breeding. Markerassisted backcrossing mabc for improved salinity. Lettuce breeding and genetics united states department of. Lettuce breeding and genetics united states department of agriculture.
It has been used to improve the quality of nutrition in products for humans and animals. The issue associated with wide crossing are applicable e. Backcross breeding is a traditional plant breeding method used by modern plant breeding programs to incorporate transgenes into elite lines. In many ways it is, to the plant breeder, the equivalent of line breeding to the stock breeder, with the added advantage that many plants are nob harmed even by. In this treatise, we develop a theory for markerassisted selection for the proportion of. Essentials of plant breeding was written as a textbook for a. Markerassisted backcrossing is routinely applied in breeding programs for gene introgression. The backcross is useful in genetics studies for isolating separating out certain characteristics in a related group of animals or. Backcrossing for plant breeders, journal of heredity, volume 44, issue 6, 1 november 1953. Introgression of sub1 qtl into br22 using marker assisted. The trait should be highly heritable and readily identifiable in each generation. Request pdf marker assisted backcrossing breeding in plant breeding many problems have been encountered in the transfer of charactersgenes which are agronomically important in plant breeding.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using selec. Recurrent parentan elite line that can be made better by adding the gene of interest. Marker assisted selection in comparison to conventional. There are major advantages and limitations of backcross breeding. List reasons why backcross breeding is necessary in developing genetically engineered lines. This page provides an explanation and a visual representation of the backcrossing process and backcross populations. In this method, the parent used for backcrossing has a large number of desirable attributes but lacks a few characteristics.
National plant germplasm system coordinated by usda contains more than 500,000 accessions accession can be population, line, cultivar, individual plant, clone, etc. Molecular plant breeding as the foundation for 21st century. A suitable recurrent parent must be available which lacks in one or two characteristics. Valleau plant pathologist, kentucky agricultural experiment station introduction in 1933 the kentucky agricultural experiment station received from j. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The aim of this report is to present an overview of traditional plant breeding techniques, that is, traditional. Backcrossing for plant breeders journal of heredity oxford. Of the 49 advanced backcrossing breeding lines abls, the three best lines, abl1, abl2 and abl3, were selected from the bc 1, bc 2 and bc 3 populations, respectively. Click download or read online button to plant breeding for pest and disease resistance book pdf for free now. The theory and application of the backcross technique in cotton. Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species in order to create desired genotypes and phenotypes for specific purposes. Marijuana breeding tips for beginners big buds magazine. In this, a plant with desired traits is crossed with a plant that does not have the desired traits but has several other traits.
New concepts in plant breeding and genetics author. Similarly, the recent integration of advances in biotechnology, genomic research, and molecular marker applications with conventional plant breeding. Marker assisted selection in comparison to conventional plant. This manipulation involves either controlled pollination. Backcrossing is a plant breeding method most commonly used to incorporate one or a few genes into an adapted or elite variety. The challenges facing todays plant breeders have never been more overwhelming, yet the prospects to contribute significantly to global food security and farmers quality of life have never been more exciting and fulfilling. Marker assisted backcrossing breeding in plant breeding. Backcrossing has been used by plant breeders for decades to transfer specific character into elite lines.
Selection in backcross programmes is used to either improve the genetic value of plant and animal populations or fine map quantitative trait loci. The character to be transferred must have high heritability and preferably it should be. Iftekharuddaula k, sarker a, ghoshal s, aditya tl, et al. At the same time, the population size required is much smaller than the classical. Recombinant selection case study conclusion 9142016 2 3. Selection theory for markerassisted backcrossing genetics. Forward breeding takes advantage of improved cultivars and genetic knowledge that may have been developed during the process of backcross breeding. An illustration of a backcrossing scheme aiming to transfer a beneficial. Backcrossing is a twogeneration breeding protocol that starts by generating hybrid f1 mice between two inbred strains preferably distantly related, one of them carrying the mutation of interest.
All germplasm in npgs available free used by us and world scientists comprised by 4 major areas plant introduction plant collection information systems. Melchinger1 institute of plant breeding, seed science and population genetics, university of hohenheim, 70593 stuttgart, germany manuscript received august 27, 2004 accepted for publication february 21, 2005 abstract. Pdf selection in backcross programmes researchgate. Methods for markerassisted backcrossing were developed rapidly for the. Molecular plant breeding as the foundation for 21st century crop improvement1. Nov 10, 2019 a cross between f1hybrid and one of its parents is known as a backcross. During the 20th century planned hybridization between carefully selected parents has become dominant in the breeding of selfpollinated species. If the trait of interest is produced by a dominant gene, this process involves four rounds of backcrossing. Backcrossing has been a widely used technique in plant breeding for almost a century.
The method reduces the amount of field testing needed, as the new cultivar will be adapted to the same area as the. This method of breeding is often used by growers who grow indoors. The global partnership initiative for plant breeding capacity building gipbfao and biodiversity international use the term prebreeding to describe the various activities of plant breeding research that have to precede the stages involved in cultivar development, testing and release biodiversity international and gipbfao, 2008. Vocabulary backcross breeding the goal of backcrossing is to. Pdf backcrossing is a wellknown and long established breeding scheme. Genetic linkage is a phenomenon in which genes tend to be inherited together. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Start studying backcross breeding, multiline breeding and variety blends exam 3. Backcrossing is also known as bx, with b meaning back and x meaning cross. Molecular breeding market by process, marker, application and region 2023 the molecular breeding market is estimated at usd 1. Backcrossing is intended to encourage and stabilize favorable traits so marijuana seeds are true breeding. Backcrossing is a twogeneration breeding protocol that starts by generating hybrid f1 mice between two inbred strains preferably distantly related, one.
Institute of plant breeding, seed science and population genetics, university of. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to methods that make use of knowledge of. The fundamental discoveries of darwin and mendel established the scientific basis for plant breeding and genetics at the turn of the 20th century. A cross between f1 hybrid and one of its parents is known as a backcross. This seems to violate mendels postulate of independent assortment of genes and can make it difficult to pick out a single trait from one parent without also bringing. The backcross breeding approach can be employed to introduce a specific trait, such as disease resistance, from one line, often an unimproved line, to another line that is typically an elite breeding line.
Corresponding author al amin, plant breeding division, bangladesh rice. Backcrossing breeding dominance genetics plant breeding. The object of hybridization is to combine desirable genes found in two or more different varieties and to produce pure breeding progeny superior in many respects to the parental types. Download pdf plant breeding for pest and disease resistance. Plant breeders use backcrossing to transfer the transgene from these older lines into elite, high yielding lines. Jul 23, 2014 of the 49 advanced backcrossing breeding lines abls, the three best lines, abl1, abl2 and abl3, were selected from the bc 1, bc 2 and bc 3 populations, respectively.
Backcross breeding enables breeders to transfer a desired trait such as a transgene from one variety donor parent, dp into the favored genetic background of another recurrent parent, rp. Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. Posted on november 14, 2019 november 14, 2019 by plant breeding genomics. Also, plant breeders can screen for the presence of negative mutations that occurred during the transformation process. Ppt backcross breeding powerpoint presentation free to. Marker assisted selection in comparison to conventional plant breeding.
Plant breeding, 2nd edition agriculture subjects wiley. The complete online course plant breeding provides you with a concise overview of basic principles of plant selection and principles associated with genetic markers, linkage mapping. The greatest service which can be rendered to any country is to add a useful plant to its culturethomas jefferson. There are the following different types of plant breeding. Backcross breeding, multiline breeding and variety blends. Backcrossing is the plant breeding method most widely used to incorporate one or a few genes into an elite or adapted variety. Flow of presentation introduction utilization of markers in backcrossing i. Stephen baenziger, department of agronomy and horticulture, university of nebraskalincoln. It is a form of breeding that allows a targeted characteristic to pass from the parent to the offspring. Since then, backcrossing became a widely accepted breeding strategy in diverse crops.
The abls were evaluated for desirable agronomic characteristics, yield. Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. Outcrossing or out breeding means the crossing between different breeds and no common ancestors. Markerassisted backcrossing mabc for improved salinity tolerance in rice oryza sativa l. True breeding means the marijuana seeds grow out to be plants you can count on to deliver what that strain is supposed to look like, smell like, taste like, and how it gets you high. The backcross is useful in genetics studies for isolating separating out certain characteristics in a related group of animals or plants. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding and in production of gene knockout organisms.
Selection theory for markerassisted backcrossing matthias frisch and albrecht e. The downside of backcrossing is when the recurrent parent is not very true breeding and result in generations that are segregated with the many traits are deemed desirable, but fail to be reproduced consistently. Review article melese lema assistant crop improvement researcher at southern agricultural research institute, ethiopia. This seems to violate mendels postulate of independent assortment of genes and can make it difficult to pick out a single trait from one parent without also bringing over others. Hutson, of the united states department of agriculture, then stationed in germany, seven lots of havana and cuba cigar. The downside of backcrossing is when the recurrent parent is not very true breeding and result in generations that are segregated with the many traits are deemed desirable, but fail to be reproduced consistently another limitation is that the enhanced variety differs only slightly from the recurrent parent, with usually. This is the practice of introducing unrelated genetic material into a breeding line. If the trait of interest is produced by a dominant gene, this process involves four rounds of backcrossing within seven seasons. Markerassisted backcrossing is routinely applied in breeding programs for. Molecular markers and markerassisted breeding in plants. Backcross, the mating of a hybrid organism offspring of genetically unlike parents with one of its parents or with an organism genetically similar to the parent. Backcross breeding enables breeders to transfer a desired trait such as a. Introduction to plant breeding master gardener training.
Introduction 9142016 3 plant breeding is an art of managing the variability. Backcross breeding method 410 plant breeding methods i. The variety which receives gene is recipient parent and variety which is the source of gene is called as donor parent. Backcross breeding takes several generations and for some species many years.
Markerassisted recurrent backcrossing in cultivar development. Major advantages and limitations of backcross breeding. In traditional backcross breeding, a trait, such as disease resistance, from a donor cultivar is introduced into a cultivar of interest, generally high yielding. Molecular plant breeding as the foundation for 21st. The past, present and future of plant breeding vib. Plant breeding for pest and disease resistance download plant breeding for pest and disease resistance ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. The agricultural benefits associated with these adjuvant solutions are the major factors contributing to the growth of this market, globally. Harlan and pope in 1922 first proposed backcrossing as an appropriate breeding method for cereal crops.
The progeny produced is the same generation after generation. Patricia hain, department of agronomy and horticulture, university of nebraskalincoln. This book, plant breeding, has it bases in an earlier text entitled an introduction to plant breeding by jack brown and peter caligari, first published in 2008. The relative efficiencies of the use of backcross and f2 families for telocentric. How is forward breeding different from backcrossing. Markerassisted backcrossing anilkumar, c palb5062 2. A cross between f 1 hybrid and one of its parents is known as a backcross.
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